Training simulators

Simulator-Based Versus Traditional Training of Fundus Biomicroscopy for Medical Students: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Deuchler, S., Dail, Y.A., Berger, T. et al. Ophthalmol Ther (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-00944-9.

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Efficacy of Simulator-Based Slit Lamp Training for Medical Students: A Prospective, Randomized Trial.

Deuchler, S., Dail, Y.A., Koch, F. et al.

Ophthalmol Ther. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00733-w

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Effectiveness of the Eyesi Surgical Simulator for ophthalmology trainees: systematic review and meta-analysis

Carr L., McKechnie T., Hatamnejad A. et al.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.03.014

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Time requirements for mandatory cataract simulation modules

McClay, T., Lockington, D.

Eye (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02700-y

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Simulated cataract surgery training of the non-dominant hand improves confidence and competence

Hind, J., Mulholland, C., Cox, A. et al.

Eye (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-01993-9

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Implementation of microsurgery simulation in an ophthalmology clerkship in Germany: a prospective, exploratory study

Deuchler, S., Scholtz, J., Ackermann, H. et al.

BMC Med Educ (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03634-x

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Effect of surgical simulation training on the complication rate of resident-performed phacoemulsification

Montrisuksirikun C, Trinavarat A, Atchaneeyasakul LO.

BMJ Open Ophthalmol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000958

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Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

Albrecht T, Nikendei C, Praetorius M.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01945998211032897.

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A custom virtual reality training solution for ophthalmologic surgical clinical trials

Heimann, F., Barteselli, G., Brand, A. et al.

Adv Simul 6, 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-021-00167-z

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Engagement with ophthalmic simulation training has increased following COVID-19 disruption—the educational culture change required?

Sarah Campbell, Jennifer Hind & David Lockington

Eye, 2021. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01494-1

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Combination of simulation-based and online learning in ophthalmology: Efficiency of simulation in combination with independent online learning within the framework of EyesiNet in student education

Svenja Deuchler FEBO, Christina Sebode, Hanns Ackermann, Ingo Schmack, Pankaj Singh, Thomas Kohnen & Frank Koch

Der Ophthalmologe. 2021 Jan 15;1-10. doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01313-0.

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National access to Eyesi® and anterior vitrectomy simulation

Buchwald JH, Frendø M, Guldager MJ, Melchiors J, Andersen SAW

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06336-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32909062.

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Content validity evidence for a simulation-based test of handheld otoscopy skills

von Buchwald, J.H., Frendø, M., Guldager, M.J. et al.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06336-6

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Can simulators be applied to improve cataract surgery training: a systematic review

Ahmed TM, Hussain B, Siddiqui MAR.

BMJ Open Ophthalmology. 2020, Aug 13; 5: e000488. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000488

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Simulation virtuelle pour l’apprentissage de la chirurgie de cataracteVirtual simulation for learning cataract surgery

I. Adnane, M. Chahbi, M. Elbelhadji

Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie,
Volume 43, Issue 4,
2020,
Pages 334-340,
ISSN 0181-5512,
doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2019.08.006

Link to publication

A systematic review of simulation-based training tools for technical and non-technical skills in ophthalmology

Roxanne Lee, Nicholas Raison, Wai Yan Lau, Abdullatif Aydin, Prokar Dasgupta, Kamran Ahmed & Shreya Haldar

Eye (Lond). 2020 Oct; 34(10): 1737–1759. Published online 2020 Mar 13. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0832-1.

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Experience with the Eyesi® Surgical Operation simulator for the first steps in surgical ophthalmology

Liegl R, Deuchler S.

Ophthalmologe. 2020 Mar;117(3):280-282. doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01049-x. Article in German.

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Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 6. The impact of EyeSi virtual reality training on complications rates of cataract surgery performed by first and second year trainees

Ferris JD, Donachie PH, Johnston RL, et al.

British Journal of Ophthalmology, 29 May, 2019, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313817

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Correlation of virtual reality performance with real-life cataract surgery performance

Jacobsen, Mads F. et al.

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.04.007

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EYESI surgical simulator: validity evidence of the vitreoretinal modules

Cécile Cissé, Karine Angioi, Amandine Luc, Jean‐Paul Berrod, Jean‐Baptiste Conart.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2019: 97: e277–e282. doi: 10.1111/aos.13910.

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A guide to eyes: ophthalmic simulators

Radia M, Arunakirinathan M, Sibley D

The Bulletin, Royal College of Surgeons, Volume 100 Issue 4, June 2018, pp. 169-171, doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2018.E169

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Impact of virtual reality simulation on learning barriers of phacoemulsification perceived by residents

Ng DS, Sun ZH, Young AL, Ko STC, Lok JKH, Lai TYY, Sikder S, Tham CC

Clinical Ophthalmology, Published 11 May 2018 Volume 2018:12 Pages 885-893. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S140411.

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Surgical Simulation Training Reduces Intraoperative Cataract Surgery Complications Among Residents

Staropoli PC, Gregori NZ, Junk AK, Galor A, Goldhardt R, Goldhagen BE, Shi W, Feuer W.

Simul Healthc. 2017 Oct 11. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000255. [Epub ahead of print]

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Construct and Face Validity of the Eyesi Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator

Chou J, Kosowsky T, Payal AR, Gonzalez Gonzalez LA, Daly MK.

Retina. 2017 Oct;37(10):1967-1976. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001438.

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Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis Training and Non-Rhexis Related Vitreous Loss: The Specificity of Virtual Reality Simulator Surgical Training (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)

McCannel CA.

Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2017 Aug 22;115:T2. eCollection 2017 Aug.

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Virtual reality-based proficiency test in direct ophthalmoscopy

Borgersen NJ, Skou Thomsen AS, Konge L, Sørensen TL, Subhi Y.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar;96(2):e259-e261. doi: 10.1111/aos.13546.

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Effect of music on surgical skill during simulated intraocular surgery

Kyrillos R, Caissie M.

Can J Ophthalmol. 2017 Dec; 52(6):538-542. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.04.008. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

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La simulación en la enseñanza de la oftalmología

Juan Carlos Serna-Ojeda, Enrique O. Graue-Hernández, Pablo José Guzmán-Salas y José Luis Rodríguez-Loaiza

Gaceta Médica de México, 2017;153:111-5

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Teaching binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to novice residents using an augmented reality simulator

Amandeep S. Rai, Amrit S. Rai, Emmanouil Mavrikakis, Wai Ching Lam.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, published online: April 21, 2017.

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Operating Room Performance Improves after Proficiency-Based Virtual Reality Cataract Surgery Training

Thomsen, Bach-Holm, Kjærbo, Højgaard-Olsen, Subhi, Saleh, Park, la Cour, Konge.

Ophthalmology. 2017 Apr; 124(4):524-531. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.015.

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Efficacy of Eyesi surgical simulator training in improving high-tension capsules capsulorhexis performance

Tiago Bisol, Renata Attanasio de Rezende Bisol, Flavio Rezende.

Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia, 2016; 75 (5): 376-9.

Link to the publication

High correlation between performance on a virtual-reality simulator and real-life cataract surgery

Thomsen AS, Smith P, Subhi Y, Cour M, Tang L, Saleh GM, Konge L.

Acta Ophthalmologica 09/2016; doi: 10.1111/aos.13275

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Virtual vitreoretinal surgery: validation of a training programme

Anna Stage Vergmann, Anders Højslet Vestergaard, Jakob Grauslund.

Acta ophthalmologica 08/2016; DOI:10.1111/aos.13209

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Virtual vitreoretinal surgery: validation of a training programme

Anna Stage Vergmann, Anders Højslet Vestergaard, Jakob Grauslund.

Acta ophthalmologica 08/2016; DOI:10.1111/aos.13209

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Clinical Efficacy of Simulated Vitreoretinal Surgery to Prepare Surgeons for the Upcoming Intervention in the Operating Room

Deuchler S, Wagner C, Singh P, Müller M, Al-Dwairi R, Benjilali R, Schill M, Ackermann H, Bon D, Kohnen T, Schoene B, Koss M, Koch F.

PLoS One 2016 10;11(3):e0150690. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Link to pubication

Cost analysis of objective resident cataract surgery assessments

Kiran Nandigam, MBA, Jonathan Soh, BS, William G. Gensheimer, MD, Ahmed Ghazi, MD, MSc, Yousuf M. Khalifa, MD.

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, Volume 41, Issue 5, May 2015.

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Learning styles and the prospective ophthalmologist

Modi, Williams, Swampillai, Waqar, Park, Kersey, Sleep.

Med Teach. 2015 Apr; 37(4):344-7. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2014.948827.

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Simulation‐based certification for cataract surgery

Thomsen A, Kiilgaard J, Kjærbo H, la CourM, Konge L.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2015 Feb 26. doi: 10.1111/aos.12691.

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Critical Evaluation of the Usability of Augmented Reality Ophthalmoscopy for the Training of Inexperienced Examiners

Leitritz, Martin A. MD; Ziemssen, Focke MD; Suesskind, Daniela MD; Partsch, Michael MD; Voykov, Bogomil MD; Bartz-Schmidt, Karl U. MD; Szurman, Gesine B. MD.

Retina, 2014 Apr;34(4):785-91. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182a2e75d.

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Establishment of a validated training programme on the Eyesi cataract simulator. A prospective randomized study.

Bergqvist J, Person A, Vestergaard A, Grauslund J.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2014 Mar 11. doi: 10.1111/aos.12383.

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Development of a virtual reality training curriculum for phacoemulsification surgery

Spiteri, Aggarwal, Kersey, Sira, Benjamin, Darzi, Bloom.

Eye (Lond). 2014 Jan; 28(1):78-84. doi: 10.1038/eye.2013.211.

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Cost analysis of virtual-reality phacoemulsification simulation in ophthalmology training programs

Eugene A. Lowry, BA, Travis C. Porco, PhD, MPH, Ayman Naseri, MD.

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013 Oct;39(10):1616-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.015.

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Ophthalmic Surgery Simulator Training Improves Resident Performance of Capsulorhexis in the Operating Room

Colin A. McCannel, David C. Reed, Darin R. Goldman.

Ophthalmology, 2013 Jun 24, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.05.003.

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Intensive cataract training: a novel approach

Baxter JM, Lee R, Sharp JA, Foss AJ et al.

Eye (Lond). 2013 Jun; 27(6): 742–746.

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The international forum of ophthalmic simulation: developing a virtual reality training curriculum for ophthalmology

Saleh GM, Lamparter J, Sullivan PM, O'Sullivan F, Hussain B, Athanasiadis I, Litwin AS, Gillan SN.

Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Jun;97(6):789-92. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302764. Epub 2013 Mar 26.

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Virtual reality cataract surgery training: learning curves and concurrent validity

Madeleine Selvander, Peter Åsman

Acta Ophthalmol. 2012 Aug; 90(5):412-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02028.x.

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Medical Simulation in Ophthalmology

Stewart N. Gillan, MBChB, MRCOphth and George M. Saleh, MBBS, FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth.

Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today EUROPE, July/August 2012.

Link to publication

A comparison of hand- and foot-activated surgical tools in simulated ophthalmic surgery

Podbielski DW, Noble J, Gill HS, Sit M, Lam WC.

Can J Ophthalmol. 2012 Oct;47(5):414-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.05.003. Epub 2012 Jun 29.

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Can virtual reality simulation help to determine the importance of stereopsis in intraocular surgery?

Waqar, Williams, Park, Modi, Kersey, Sleep.

Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 May;96(5):742-6. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-301150. Epub 2012 Jan 18.

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Stereoacuity and intraocular surgical skill: effect of stereoacuity level on virtual reality intraocular surgical performance

Madeleine Selvander, MD, Peter Åsman, PhD.

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011 Dec; 37(12):2188-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.05.048.

Link to publocation

Assessment of fatigue in intraocular surgery: analysis using a virtual reality simulator

Waqar S, Park J, Kersey TL, Modi N, Ong C, Sleep TJ.

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011 Jan;249(1):77-81. Epub 2010 Oct 2.

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β-Blockade Affects Simulator Scores

Renelle Pointdujour, MD, Habeeb Ahmad, MD, Margaret Liu, MD, Edward Smith, MD, Douglas Lazzaro, MD.

Ophthalmology Volume 118, Number 9, September 2011.

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Influence of surgery simulator training on ophthalmology resident phacoemulsification performance

David A. Belyea, MD, MBA, Sarah E. Brown, MD, Lamise Z. Rajjoub, MD.

J Cataract Refract Surg 2011; 37:1756–1761 2011 ASCRS and ESCRS.

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Impact of simulator training on resident cataract surgery

Pokroy R, Du E, Alzaga A, Khodadadeh S, Steen D, Bachynski B, Edwards P.

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Mar;251(3):777-81.

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VR (virtual reality) to OR: Impact of residency training with the Eyesi simulator system on cataract surgery outcomes

Elizabeth Du; Ana G. Alzaga Fernandez; Sarah Khodadadeh; Daniel Steen; Russell Pokroy.

Poster presentation at ARVO2011.

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Effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of simulated anterior segment surgical skill

Erie EA, Mahr MA, Hodge DO, Erie JC.

Can J Ophthalmol. 2011 Feb;46(1):61-5. doi: 10.3129/i10-112.

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Virtual reality ophthalmic surgical simulation as a feasible training and assessment tool: results of a multicentre study

Le TD, Adatia FA, Lam WC.

Can J Ophthalmol. 2011 Feb;46(1):56-60. doi: 10.3129/i10-051.

Link to publication

Performance of patients with deficient stereoacuity on the EYESi microsurgical simulator

Sachdeva R, Traboulsi EI.

Am J Ophthalmol. 2011 Mar;151(3):427-33.e1.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.09.011.

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Virtual reality cataract surgery training: learning curves and concurrent validity

Selvander M, Åsman P.

Acta Ophthalmologica 2010 Nov 5. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02028.x.

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Performance of patients with deficient stereoacuity or monofixation syndrome using the EYESi Microsurgical Simulator: A pilot study.

Reecha Sachdeva, Elias I. Traboulsi.

J AAPOS. Volume 14, Issue 1, Page e26 (February 2010). doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.12.109.

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Construct validity of a surgical simulator as a valid model for capsulorhexis training

Privett B, Greenlee E, Rogers G, Oetting TA.

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010 Nov;36(11):1835-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.05.020.

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Phacoemulsification skills training and assessment

Spiteri A, Aggarwal R, Kersey T, Benjamin L, Darzi A, Bloom P.

Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:536-541 doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.159715.

Link to publication

The Eyesi: Ophthalmic Surgical Simulator

Dr. Meena Chakrabarti, Dr. Sonia Rani John, Dr. Arup Chakrabarti

Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology. Vol. XXI Issue 3 September 2009: 280-285.

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Surgical competency in residents

Oetting TA.

Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;20(1):56-60. PMID: 19093331 [Indexed for MEDLINE].

Link to publication

Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology

F. Koch, M. J. Koss, P. Singh, H. Naser.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2009; 226(8): 672-676; DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109383.

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Virtual reality simulation in acquiring and differentiating basic ophthalmic microsurgical skills

Solverson DJ, Mazzoli RA, Raymond WR, Nelson ML, Hansen EA, Torres MF, Bhandari A, Hartranft CD.

Simul Healthc. 2009 Summer;4(2):98-103. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e318195419e.

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Virtual reality training improves wet-lab performance of capsulorhexis: results of a randomized, controlled study

Feudner EM, Engel C, Neuhann IM, Petermeier K, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Szurman P.

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (2009) 247:955–963. DOI 10.1007/s00417-008-1029-7.

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Ophthalmic surgical training: a curriculum to enhance surgical simulation

Grodin MH, Johnson TM, Acree JL, Glaser BM.

Retina. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(10):1509-14. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31818464ff.

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Simuleret øjenkirurgi en god hjælp i kirurgisk oplæring

Anders Kruse Øjenafdelingen Glostrup Hospital / Ålborg Sygehus

oftalmolog 24 December 2008

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Teaching the Capsulorhexis Technique

Thomas A. Oetting, MS, MD

Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today I Nov/Dec 2008: 36-38

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Construct validity of anterior segment anti-tremor and forceps surgical simulator training modules: Attending versus resident surgeon performance

Mahr MA, Hodge DO.

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008 Jun;34(6):980-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.02.015.

Link to publication

Surgical Simulator Helps Train Young Surgeons: New technology provides another avenue to learn and refine surgical skills

Fareed Ali, MD, FRCS(C)

Retinal Physician Issue: May 2006

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Vitreoretinal Surgical Simulator: Developments to Enhance Training and Accreditation of Vitreoretinal Surgeons

Michael H. Grodin, DO (Towson, MD), T. Mark Johnson, MD, FRCS(C) (Chevy Chase, MD), Bert M. Glaser, MD (Towson, MD)

Scientific Paper: 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) in Montreal, Canada 2005

Vitreoretinal Surgical Training Using a Simulator

Klaus Lucke, MD ChB (Bremen, Germany)

Scientific Paper: 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) in Montreal, Canada 2005

Virtual Vitreoretinal Surgical Simulator as a Training Tool

Rossi JV, Verma D, Fujii GY, Lakhanpal RR, Wu SL, Humayun MS, De Juan E Jr.

Retina. 2004 Apr;24(2):231-6.

Link to publication

Computer-assisted training system for pars plana vitrectomy

Jonas JB, Rabethge S, Bender HJ.

Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003 Dec;81(6):600-4.

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Studies

Validated training methods

2024

Simulator-Based Versus Traditional Training of Fundus Biomicroscopy for Medical Students: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

2023

Efficacy of Simulator-Based Slit Lamp Training for Medical Students: A Prospective, Randomized Trial.

Effectiveness of the Eyesi Surgical Simulator for ophthalmology trainees: systematic review and meta-analysis

Time requirements for mandatory cataract simulation modules

2022

Simulated cataract surgery training of the non-dominant hand improves confidence and competence

Implementation of microsurgery simulation in an ophthalmology clerkship in Germany: a prospective, exploratory study

Effect of surgical simulation training on the complication rate of resident-performed phacoemulsification

2021

Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

A custom virtual reality training solution for ophthalmologic surgical clinical trials

Engagement with ophthalmic simulation training has increased following COVID-19 disruption—the educational culture change required?

Combination of simulation-based and online learning in ophthalmology: Efficiency of simulation in combination with independent online learning within the framework of EyesiNet in student education

2020

National access to Eyesi® and anterior vitrectomy simulation

Content validity evidence for a simulation-based test of handheld otoscopy skills

Can simulators be applied to improve cataract surgery training: a systematic review

Simulation virtuelle pour l’apprentissage de la chirurgie de cataracteVirtual simulation for learning cataract surgery

A systematic review of simulation-based training tools for technical and non-technical skills in ophthalmology

Experience with the Eyesi® Surgical Operation simulator for the first steps in surgical ophthalmology

2019

Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 6. The impact of EyeSi virtual reality training on complications rates of cataract surgery performed by first and second year trainees

Correlation of virtual reality performance with real-life cataract surgery performance

EYESI surgical simulator: validity evidence of the vitreoretinal modules

2018

A guide to eyes: ophthalmic simulators

Impact of virtual reality simulation on learning barriers of phacoemulsification perceived by residents

2017

Surgical Simulation Training Reduces Intraoperative Cataract Surgery Complications Among Residents

Construct and Face Validity of the Eyesi Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator

Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis Training and Non-Rhexis Related Vitreous Loss: The Specificity of Virtual Reality Simulator Surgical Training (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)

Virtual reality-based proficiency test in direct ophthalmoscopy

Effect of music on surgical skill during simulated intraocular surgery

La simulación en la enseñanza de la oftalmología

Teaching binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to novice residents using an augmented reality simulator

Operating Room Performance Improves after Proficiency-Based Virtual Reality Cataract Surgery Training

2016

Efficacy of Eyesi surgical simulator training in improving high-tension capsules capsulorhexis performance

High correlation between performance on a virtual-reality simulator and real-life cataract surgery

Virtual vitreoretinal surgery: validation of a training programme

Virtual vitreoretinal surgery: validation of a training programme

Clinical Efficacy of Simulated Vitreoretinal Surgery to Prepare Surgeons for the Upcoming Intervention in the Operating Room

2015

Cost analysis of objective resident cataract surgery assessments

Learning styles and the prospective ophthalmologist

Simulation‐based certification for cataract surgery

2014

Critical Evaluation of the Usability of Augmented Reality Ophthalmoscopy for the Training of Inexperienced Examiners

Establishment of a validated training programme on the Eyesi cataract simulator. A prospective randomized study.

Development of a virtual reality training curriculum for phacoemulsification surgery

2013

Cost analysis of virtual-reality phacoemulsification simulation in ophthalmology training programs

Ophthalmic Surgery Simulator Training Improves Resident Performance of Capsulorhexis in the Operating Room

Intensive cataract training: a novel approach

The international forum of ophthalmic simulation: developing a virtual reality training curriculum for ophthalmology

2012

Virtual reality cataract surgery training: learning curves and concurrent validity

Medical Simulation in Ophthalmology

A comparison of hand- and foot-activated surgical tools in simulated ophthalmic surgery

Can virtual reality simulation help to determine the importance of stereopsis in intraocular surgery?

2011

Stereoacuity and intraocular surgical skill: effect of stereoacuity level on virtual reality intraocular surgical performance

Assessment of fatigue in intraocular surgery: analysis using a virtual reality simulator

β-Blockade Affects Simulator Scores

Influence of surgery simulator training on ophthalmology resident phacoemulsification performance

Impact of simulator training on resident cataract surgery

VR (virtual reality) to OR: Impact of residency training with the Eyesi simulator system on cataract surgery outcomes

Effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of simulated anterior segment surgical skill

Virtual reality ophthalmic surgical simulation as a feasible training and assessment tool: results of a multicentre study

Performance of patients with deficient stereoacuity on the EYESi microsurgical simulator

2010

Virtual reality cataract surgery training: learning curves and concurrent validity

Performance of patients with deficient stereoacuity or monofixation syndrome using the EYESi Microsurgical Simulator: A pilot study.

Construct validity of a surgical simulator as a valid model for capsulorhexis training

Phacoemulsification skills training and assessment